2.9 - 2.13 Gases in the atmosphere


Oxygen is a key component of the atmosphere and is critical for the support of life. Its reactivity makes it essential for respiration and combustion reactions - both of which release energy. Oxides are formed when oxygen combines with other elements. Much of Earth's crust (48.5% by mass)  is composed of oxygen in the form of oxides ...

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The elements of Group 7 – chlorine, bromine and iodine

three of the halogens: chlorine (a green gas), bromine (a orange brown liquid), iodine (a grey solid)

Introduction Group 17  ( used to be group 7) contains a  set of non-metals known collectively as The Halogens. Like many families, the members of Halogen family have a number of similarities to each other. However, they also have some very important differences. Activity 1: Ferocious Fluorine  This video shows&nbs...

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Group 1 Elements - lithium, sodium and potassium

Sodium metal tarnishes rapidly in the air

A vertical column the periodic table is known as a group. Group 1 contains six very reactive metals. You might handle lithium and possibly sodium in the laboratory . The other metals in the group are too reactive to handle in a school laboratory.  Introduction A vertical column the periodic table is known as a group. Group 1 contains six very ...

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The Periodic table

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RFM and molar volume of gases


​This is a test to see if the glossary works with Easyblog A metal atom . Enter your text here ... Enter your text here ...

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1.55 - 1.60 Electrolysis

Electrolysis is often used to give metal objects a decorative coating. This is known as electroplating.

 1.55 Using electrolysis Electrolysis happens when an electric current is passed through an ionic compound which has been melted or dissolved.  Electrolysis has a wide range of uses including : electroplating, extraction of aluminium, production of chlorine and the purification of copper . This post helps you to unders...

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2.23c - 2.27c Extraction and uses of metals

 2.23 Activity 3. Aluminium extraction Electrolysis is used to extract reactive metals from their ores. Aluminium is a good example of this. Work through the animation carefully and then answer the questions below: QuestionsAnswers ​1. What ions are present in the compound aluminium oxide? 2. What is the aluminium oxide mixed wi...

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1.52 -1.54 Metallic bonding


More than 75% of the elements in the periodic table are metalsMetals are extremely useful materials with a wide variety of uses. This is due to the fact that they have a range of useful physical properties. all metals are : good conductors of heat and electricity most metals are: shiny when freshly cuthigh melting point solidsducti...

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1.45 Opposite often attract

When non-metal atoms bond to other non-metal atoms they share electrons to form covalent bonds.   1.44 - 1.45 Activity. Opposites attract  Students should: 1.44 know that a covalent bond is formed between atoms by the sharing of a pair ofelectrons1.45 understand covalent bonds in terms of electrostatic attractions Play the ...

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1.44 Covalent bonding - "sharing nicely"-

When non-metal atoms bond to other non-metal atoms they share electrons to form covalent bonds. 

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1.45 Opposites often attract

When non-metal atoms bond to other non-metal atoms they share electrons to form covalent bonds.   1.45 Activity. Opposites attract  Students should: 1.44 know that a covalent bond is formed between atoms by the sharing of a pair ofelectrons1.45 understand covalent bonds in terms of electrostatic attractions Play the video t...

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1.45 Opposites often attract

When non-metal atoms bond to other non-metal atoms they share electrons to form covalent bonds. 

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1.46 Covalent bonding - "making molecules"


When non-metal atoms bond to other non-metal atoms they share electrons to form covalent bonds.   1.46 Activity 2. Crossing and dotting  Students should: 1.46 understand how to use dot-and-cross diagrams to represent covalent bonds in molecules. Dot and cross diagrams are a useful way of representing how atoms share electro...

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1.29 Calculating masses


Magnesium is a highly reactive metal which reacts violently with oxygen to produce a white solid called magnesium oxide.  This can be shown as follows:   Chemical equations are a useful shorthand way of describing the changes that take place when a chemical reaction happens.  Word equations can be helpful for example :...

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Elements, compounds and mixtures

Sun, sea, sand and air. Elements, compounds or mixtures?

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Crude oil - fractional distillation

 Crude oil is a mixture of alkanes ( hydrocarbons)

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Bond angles

Use the animation to measure the bond angles in each of the three molecules below:

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Electrolysis

 a game to test your skills

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Structure and bonding

Diamond has a giant covalent structure .

in this topic, we have looked at the way in which substances form different structures. The type of structure formed depends on the type of bonding:  Three types of bonding are. metallic, covalent and ionic. metallic: formed when metals bond with themselves or other metals. covalent: formed when non-metal bonds with itself or another...

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Forming a lattice


The images below show how an ionic lattice forms 

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