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4. Organic Chemistry

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IGCSE CHEMISTRY

1. PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY9

a. States of matter3

1.1 - 1.2 The three states Understand the three states of matter in terms of ...
1.3 A particular problem understand and explain dilution and diffusion
1.4 - 1.7 Solubility curves solutions, dissolving and solubility

b. Elements, compounds and mixtures3

1.8 Element or compound? Classify substances as element or compound
1.10 Separation techniques Explore a range of physical techniques for separat...
1.10 - 1.13 Chromatography Understand how to make and analyse chromatograms

c. Atomic Structure4

1.15 Subatomic particles know the structure of an atom in terms of subatomi...
1.16 Isotopes know what is meant by the terms atomic number, mas...
1.14 Atoms and molecules Know what is meant by the terms atom and molecule
1.17 Relative atomic mass be able to calculate the relative atomic mass of a...

d. The Periodic Table4

1.18 Organising elements understand how elements are arranged in the Period...
1.19 Deducing electron configurations understand how to deduce the electronic configura...
1.20 -1.22 Periodic patterns find the trends in the electron configuration, ele...
1.23 - 1.24 Family groups understand why the noble gases (Group 0) do not re...

e. Chemical formulae, equations and calculations7

1.26 Calculating relative masses calculate relative formula masses (including relat...
1.27 The mole know that the mole (mol) is the unit for the amoun...
1.28 Moles and mountains understand how to carry out calculations involving...
1.29 Reacting masses calculate reacting masses using experimental data ...
1.30 Calculating percentage yield calculate percentage yield
1.31 Finding formulae understand how the formulae of simple compounds ca...
1.34 concentrated calculations understand how to carry out calculations involving...

f. Ionic bonding (3)3

1.38 Know your ions know the charges on all the ions listed
1.37 Transferring charge understand how ions are formed by electron loss or...
1.39 Finding formulae write formulae for compounds formed between the io...

g. Covalent bonding5

1.44 Covalent bonds: Sharing nicely know that a covalent bond is formed between atoms ...
1.45 Covalent bonding : opposites attract understand covalent bonds in terms of electrostati...
1.46 Small covalent molecules understand how to use dot-and-cross diagrams to re...
1.47 - 1.48 Simple molecules explain why substances with a simple molecular str...
1.49 - 1.51 Covalent giants explain why substances with giant covalent structu...

h. Metallic bonding3

1.52C Modelling metals know how to represent a metallic lattice by a 2-D ...
1.53C Metallic bonds understand metallic electrostatic attractions
1.54C Metallic properties explain typical physical properties of metals, inc...

i. Electrolysis4

1.55 Free of charge ( carriers) why covalent compounds do not conduct
1.58 Molten electrolytes describe experiments using inert electrodes to e...
1.55 -1.57 Know your anions understand why ionic compounds conduct electricity...
1.59 Half equations write ionic half-equations representing the reacti...

2. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY8

a. Group 1 elements

b. Group 7 elements

c. Gases in the atmosphere

d. Reactivity series

e. Extraction and uses of metals

f. Acids, alkalis and titrations3

2.31 - 2.32 Neutralisation understand neutralisation of hydrogen ions by hydr...
2.28 - 2.30 Use your indicators meet a number of acid alkali indicators and learn ...
2.33 Titrations describe how to perform an acid - alkali titratio...

g. Acids alkalis and salt preparations4

2.35 - 2.36 Proton transfer understand acids and bases in terms of proton tran...
2.34 The best solution know the general rules for predicting the solubili...
2.37 - 2.39 Acid reactions describe the reactions of hydrochloric acid, sulfu...
2.39 - 2.43 Making salts describe experiments to prepare a pure, dry sample...

h. Chemical tests5

2.44 Tests for gases describe tests for • hydrogen • oxygen • car...
2.46 Flame colours know the colours formed in flame tests for these c...
2.47 Testing for other cations describe tests for these cations: • ammonium, co...
2.48 Testing anions describe tests for carbonate,sulfate, chloride,bro...
2.45 Flame testing describe how to carry out a flame test

3. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY3

a. Energetics2

3.1 Exothermic and Endothermic know that exothermic reactions give out heat and e...
3.3 Calculating energy calculate the heat energy change from a measured t...

b. Rates of reaction

c. Reversible reactions and equilibria

4: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY8

a. Introduction3

4.5 Organic formulae understand how to write the possible structural an...
4.3 Isomers understand isomerism
4.4 Naming organic compounds understand how to name organic compounds

b. Crude oil4

4.7 A crude mix know that crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons
4.8 Fractional distillation describe how the industrial process of fractional ...
4.9 - 4.10 Fractional trends know the names trends in properties and uses of th...
4.11 -4.12 Combustion know that a fuel releases useful heat energy and t...

c. Alkanes3

4.19 The alkanes know the general formula for alkanes
4.20 - 4.21 Saturated hydrocarbons explain why alkanes are classified as saturated hy...
4.22 Substitution by chlorine describe the reactions of alkanes with halogens in...

d. Alkenes5

4.23 The Alkenes know that alkenes contain the functional group >C=...
4.24 General formulae know the general formula for alkenes
4.26 Naming alkenes understand how to draw the structural and displaye...
4.25 Unsaturation vs saturation explain why alkenes are classified as unsaturated ...
4.27 Bromine test describe how bromine water can be used to distingu...

e. Alcohols4

4.29C - 4.30 Handle with care know that alcohols contain the functional group �...
4.32C Adding Oxygen (3) know that ethanol can be oxidised
4.31C Alcoholic naming (3) understand how to draw structural and displayed f...
4.33C Optimum fermentation (3) understand the reasons for fermentation, in the a...

f. Carboxylic acids4

4.34C Carboxylic acid aka "- COOH" know that carboxylic acids contain the -COOH funct...
4.35C Carboxylic formulae understand how to draw structural and displayed f...
4.36C Carboxylic reactions (3) describe the reactions of aqueous solutions of car...
4.37C Vinegar (3) know that vinegar is an aqueous solution containin...

g. Esters4

4.38 A fragrant functional group (3) know that esters contain the - COOH functional gro...
4.39 - 4.40 Ethyl ethanoate (3) know that ethyl ethanoate is the ester produced wh...
4.41 Ester by name (3) 4.41C understand how to write the structural and d...
4.43 Making an Ester (3) 4.43C practical: prepare a sample of an ester

h. Synthetic polymers