Time is always a factor when measuring reaction rate

3.9 - 3.16 Rates of reaction paint must not dry too quickly  3.9 - 3.16 What is rate? How fast a chemical... https://www.mychem.co.uk/index.php/igcse-chemistry/physical-chemistry/rates-of-reaction Any measurable factor which changes as a reaction proceeds can be used to measure the rate. The gradient  of graphs give a reading for the reac...

Intro image Edexcel 1Edexcel 2OCR Enter your text here ...  Exothermic reactions always lead to an increase in entropy of the surroundings.  In an example like this - the burning of magnesium  in oxygen - the entropy of the system decreases  because a giant ionic lattice ( Magnesium Oxide) is formed from the magnesium metal...

Hot and quick Investigating rates Results The rate of a chemical reaction is significantly affected by its temperature. the effect of temperature on rate can be shown visually using the Maxwell - Boltzmann distribution.  OCR Enter your text here ... Edexcel AQA The Maxwell Boltzmann curve is  a distribution curve which show...

three of the halogens: chlorine (a green gas), bromine (a orange brown liquid), iodine (a grey solid)

Introduction Group 17  ( used to be group 7) contains a  set of non-metals known collectively as The Halogens. Like many families, the members of Halogen family have a number of similarities to each other. However, they also have some very important differences. Activity 1: Ferocious Fluorine  This video shows&nbs...

Transition metals form coloured compounds

OCREdexcelAQA Transition elements : properties  Ligands and complex ions Ligand substitution and precipitation Redox reactions  Electron configurations  The video here  uses the relevant section of the Royal Society of Chemistry's periodic table website to show the electron configurations of the first row of the transition ...

The NMR facility at Princeton University

Proton NMR produces a spectrum with a  number of peaks.  The number of peaks corresponds to the number of different chemical environments in which protons exist. OCREdexcelAQA Introducing NMR Enter your text here ... Proton NMR Enter your text here ... Carbon 13 NMR TMS Enter your text here ...  Looking at the pro...

Universal indicator is useful for giving an estimated value for the pH of a substance

Background  This topic is mostly about equilibria so it is important for students to understand that concept first. Before tackling this topic make sure you : understand dynamic equilibriacan write and manipulate equilibrium expressions for a range of reactions.can estimate the pH value of a solution using universal indicator know th...

Chromatography gets its name from the (sometimes) colourful chromatograms it produces.

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Intermolecular forces are responsible for holding together the two strands of a DNA molecule

Before tackling this topic make sure you are able to: explain the difference between intermolecular and intramolecular forces. use electronegativity values to work out dipoles within moleculesuse ideas about molecular shapes and dipoles to predict whether or not a molecule is polar.  Hydrogen bonds in DNA&nbs...

Quinoa is a complete protein, meaning that it contains all nine essential amino acids that our bodies cannot make on their own.

EdexcelOCRAQA Enter your text here ... Enter your text here ... Enter your text here ... Amino acid  Molecule A. This is glycine - the simplest of the amino acids. The systematic name is  2- aminoethanoic acid  Amine Molecule B. This is a simple aliphatic amine with two carbon atoms called ethylamine ( or ethanamine) ....