Understand the three states of matter in terms of the arrangement, movement and energy of the particles
understand and explain dilution and diffusion
solutions, dissolving and solubility
Classify substances as element or compound
Explore a range of physical techniques for separating substances
Understand how to make and analyse chromatograms
Know what is meant by the terms atom and molecule
know the structure of an atom in terms of subatomic particles
know what is meant by the terms atomic number, mass number, isotopes and relative atomic mass (Ar)
be able to calculate the relative atomic mass of an element (Ar) from isotopic abundances
understand how elements are arranged in the Periodic Table
understand how to deduce the electronic configurations of the first 20 elements from their positions in the Periodic Table
find the trends in the electron configuration, electrical conductivity acid-base character of the oxides
understand why the noble gases (Group 0) do not readily react
calculate relative formula masses (including relative molecular masses) (Mr) from relative atomic masses (Ar)
know that the mole (mol) is the unit for the amount of a substance
understand how to carry out calculations involving amount of substance, relative atomic mass (Ar) and relative formula mass (Mr)
calculate reacting masses using experimental data and chemical equations
calculate percentage yield
understand how the formulae of simple compounds can be obtained experimentally
understand how to carry out calculations involving amount of substance, volume and concentration
understand how ions are formed by electron loss or gain, learn ions and work out formulae
know the charges on all the ions listed
write formulae for compounds formed between the ions listed
know that a covalent bond is formed between atoms by the sharing of a pair of electrons
understand covalent bonds in terms of electrostatic attractions
understand how to use dot-and-cross diagrams to represent covalent bonds in molecules
explain why substances with a simple molecular structures are gases or liquids, or solids with low melting and boiling points
know how to represent a metallic lattice by a 2-D diagram
understand metallic electrostatic attractions
explain typical physical properties of metals, including electrical conductivity and malleability
why covalent compounds do not conduct
understand why ionic compounds conduct electricity only when molten or in aqueous solution
describe experiments using inert electrodes to electrolyse molten compounds
write ionic half-equations representing the reactions at the electrodes
meet a number of acid alkali indicators and learn their colour changes
understand neutralisation of hydrogen ions by hydroxide ions
describe how to perform an acid - alkali titration
know the general rules for predicting the solubility of ionic compounds in water:
understand acids and bases in terms of proton transfer
describe the reactions of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid
describe experiments to prepare a pure, dry sample of a various salts
describe tests for • hydrogen • oxygen • carbon dioxide • ammonia • chlorine
describe how to carry out a flame test
know the colours formed in flame tests for these cations: • lithium • sodium • potassium • calcium
describe tests for these cations: • ammonium, copper(II), Iron (II) and Iron(III) using sodium hydroxide solution
describe tests for carbonate,sulfate, chloride,bromide,iodide anions
know that exothermic reactions give out heat and endothermic reactions take it in
describe simple calorimetry experiments for reactions
calculate the heat energy change from a measured temperature change
understand hydrocarbons, homologous series, and formulae
understand isomerism
understand how to name organic compounds
understand how to write the possible structural and displayed formulae
know that crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons
describe how the industrial process of fractional distillation separates crude oil into fractions
know the names trends in properties and uses of the main fractions obtained from crude oil
know that a fuel releases useful heat energy and the products of complete and incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons with oxygen in the air
know the general formula for alkanes
explain why alkanes are classified as saturated hydrocarbons
describe the reactions of alkanes with halogens in the presence of ultraviolet radiation
know that alkenes contain the functional group >C=C
know the general formula for alkenes
explain why alkenes are classified as unsaturated hydrocarbons
understand how to draw the structural and displayed formulae for alkenes with up to four carbon atoms in the molecule, and name the unbranched-chain isomers
describe how bromine water can be used to distinguish between an alkane and an alkene
know that alcohols contain the functional group −OH
understand how to draw structural and displayed formulae for alcohols
know that ethanol can be oxidised
understand the reasons for fermentation, in the absence of air, and at an optimum temperature
know that carboxylic acids contain the -COOH functional group
understand how to draw structural and displayed formulae for unbranched-chain carboxylic acids
describe the reactions of aqueous solutions of carboxylic acids
know that vinegar is an aqueous solution containing ethanoic acid
know that esters contain the - COOH functional group
know that ethyl ethanoate is the ester produced when ethanol and ethanoic acid react
4.41C understand how to write the structural and displayed formulae of an ester,
4.43C practical: prepare a sample of an ester
ONLINE ZOOM tution : Mob: +44 (0)7557331782 : david@mychem.co.uk
The smallest particle of an element which still retains all the properties of the element
